CRISPR-Cas9 is a unique technology that enables geneticists and medical researchers to edit parts of the genome by removing, adding or altering sections of the DNA sequence.

Cas9 (or "CRISPR-associated protein 9") is an enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and open up specific strands of DNA that are complementary to the CRISPR sequence.

So, this review presents a comprehensive knowledge about the mechanism and structure of Cas9-mediated RNA-guided DNA targeting and cleavage.

CRISPR-Cas9 was adapted from a naturally occurring genome editing system that bacteria use as an immune defense. When infected with viruses, bacteria capture small pieces of the viruses' DNA and …

The CRISPR system works in conjunction with CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, such as Cas9, which act as molecular scissors. When a bacterium encounters a virus, it incorporates small pieces of the …

Jul 31, 2025 · The CRISPR–Cas9 system consists of two key components: a guide RNA (gRNA) and the Cas9 protein 1. The gRNA is designed to complement a specific DNA sequence, directing Cas9 …

Sep 12, 2025 · Once the target DNA is located, the Cas9 enzyme, produced by the CRISPR system, binds to it and makes a cut, disabling the gene. Researchers can also use modified versions of Cas9 …

Initially discovered as a component of bacterial immune systems, CRISPR-Cas9 has since been harnessed to modify DNA in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans.

The discovery of the type II prokaryotic CRISPR “immune system” has allowed for the development for an RNA-guided genome editing tool that is simple, easy and quick to implement.

Derived from components of a simple bacterial immune system, the CRISPR-Cas9 system permits targeted gene cleavage and gene editing in a variety of cells.